DECONSTRUCTING THE WORK-RELATIONSHIP BALANCE: A DIALECTIC OF WORKERS' RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS, AND LEGAL PROTECTION IN THE MODERN REGULATORY LANDSCAPE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58174/ijqmr.v1i6.107Keywords:
Workers' Rights; Work Obligations; Trade Unions; Legal ProtectionAbstract
The dynamics of modern employment demand a solid harmonization between the fulfillment of workers' rights, the implementation of obligations, and the effectiveness of legal protection. This qualitative research explores the dialectic of workers' rights, obligations, and legal protection in the context of regulatory transformation from Law Number 13 of 2003 to Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation through an in-depth analysis of 22 reliable literature sources using QDA software NVivo 14 with a qualitative-interpretivist approach. The findings of the study identify that there is a significant inequality between the legal balance (juridical) and the factual balance (sociological-economic) in modern employment relations. Through a systematic coding process with 76 codes organized into 5 parent themes and 18 sub-themes, the analysis revealed five core themes: (1) legal equality versus substantive inequality (52 references), (2) regulatory transformation impact on worker protection (68 references), (3) labor union roles and declining unionization (45 references), (4) enforcement gaps and institutional weaknesses (58 references), and (5) recommendations for balanced labor relations (42 references). The transformation of regulations represents a paradigm shift that accommodates the flexibility of the labor market, but without ensuring adequate protection against workers' psychological and socio-economic risks. NVivo cross-source analysis identifies that enforcement mechanisms are the most critical missing link in achieving balanced labor relations. The study recommends a consistent reorientation of labor supervision, strengthening the function of trade unions, and regulatory reforms that integrate the principles of decent work in accordance with International Labor Organization standards.
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